> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.abs.xyz/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Nonces

> Learn how Abstract differs from Ethereum's nonces.

Unlike Ethereum, where each account has a single nonce that increments every transaction,
accounts on Abstract maintain two different nonces:

1. **Transaction nonce**: Used for transaction validation.
2. **Deployment nonce**: Incremented when a contract is deployed.

In addition, nonces are not restricted to increment once per transaction
like on Ethereum due to Abstract’s [native account abstraction](/how-abstract-works/native-account-abstraction/overview).

<Card title="Handling Nonces in Smart Contract Wallets" icon="file-contract" href="/how-abstract-works/native-account-abstraction/handling-nonces">
  Learn how to build smart contract wallets that interact with the NonceHolder
  system contract.
</Card>

There are also other minor differences between Abstract and Ethereum nonce management:

* Newly created contracts begin with a deployment nonce value of `0` (as opposed to `1`).
* The deployment nonce is only incremented if the deployment succeeds
  (as opposed to Ethereum, where the nonce is incremented regardless of the deployment outcome).


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